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A multifaceted reflector (typically abbreviated MR) gentle bulb is a reflector housing format for halogen in addition to some LED and fluorescent lamps. MR lamps have been initially designed to be used in slide projectors, but see use in residential lighting and retail lighting as well. They're suited to functions that require directional lighting similar to observe lighting, recessed ceiling lights, EcoLight desk lamps, pendant fixtures, panorama lighting, retail display lighting, and bicycle headlights. MR lamps are designated by symbols comparable to MR16 the place the diameter is represented by numerals indicating items of eighths of an inch. Frequent sizes for normal lighting are MR11 (11⁄8 inches, 35 mm) and MR16 (16⁄8 inches, 51 mm), with MR8 (8⁄8 inch, 25 mm) and MR20 (20⁄8 inches, sixty four mm) utilized in specialty functions. Many run on low voltage relatively than mains voltage alternating present so require a energy provide. 3,314,331 for a miniature reflector lamp in 1967. The innovation was using the lamp rim, relatively than the base, because the reference plane for focusing.

This allowed more versatile electrical mounting preparations and extra precise focusing. Most MR lamps encompass a halogen capsule (or, bulb) built-in with a pressed glass reflector with a base conforming to bi-pin GU5.Three standard. The reflector controls the path and spread of mild solid from the lamp. Some lamps use an aluminum coating as a reflector. Others use selective dichroic coating that displays visible mild and allows infrared radiation to pass by. This sort reduces heating of illuminated objects since less infrared radiation is current in the sunshine beam. Nevertheless, dichroic lamps must only be utilized in compatible fixtures that can dissipate the heat. Dichroic lamps must not be fitted to recessed or enclosed luminaires with the IEC 60598 No Cool Beam symbol. The brightness of MR lamps could be adjusted when used with applicable gentle fixtures and dimmers. However, the colour temperature modifications considerably when the lamp is dimmed, shifting dramatically to the hotter finish of the spectrum.

Like all halogen lamps, MR lamps produce important heat and care must be taken to avoid contact with skin or proximity to flammable supplies when the lamp is on or has been on just lately. Halogen lamps (18 lm/W typical) are more vitality environment friendly than regular incandescent lamps (15 lm/W typical) but still fall far behind other more-latest varieties corresponding to fluorescent lamps (80-one hundred lm/W), fuel discharge lamps (100-200 lm/W depending on sorts), and LEDs (125-a hundred and fifty lm/W typical in brilliant white relying on model). With each forms of incandescent bulbs, helpful life might be considerably shortened if their filaments expertise mechanical shock or vibration. Using an digital transformer with a tender start characteristic can significantly extend life, as it reduces the characteristically excessive inrush current that happens initially when the lamp is cold. Dimming additionally extends life significantly. MR lamps, like all quartz-halogen lamps, produce some undesirable ultraviolet light. Usually, this must be filtered out.

Additionally, the quartz capsules of the lamps could rupture or explode upon failure of the lamps. For these two reasons, some MR lamps include a cowl glass that serves as an integrated ultraviolet filter and explosion shield. MR16 lamps lacking this cowl require using a fixture that incorporates an external piece of glass particularly designed to offer each ultraviolet and physical protection. MR lamps are available in 10-75 watt energy rankings (150-800 lumens). MR lamps most frequently function at 12 volts, though they're also accessible in other voltages. These lamps use a bi-pin connector for energy: 12-volt MR11 bulbs normally use a GU4 base, and 12-volt MR16 bulbs usually use a GU5.Three base. The common 12-volt MR16 lamps, subsequently, require a ferromagnetic or digital transformer-typically misnamed as a ballast-to convert the 120- or 230-volt mains voltage to the additional-low voltage required by the lamp. Certain MR lamps can function straight on the mains voltage. These lamps usually use a GU10 turn-and-lock base, so they cannot be accidentally interchanged with low-voltage lamps.

GU10 is distinguished from the lower-voltage MR lamps by the U-formed ceramic base mount with a ten mm (pin middle-to-center distance) 2-pin bayonet mount. MR16 lamps with an integrated transformer are also obtainable. These lamps have screw bases to fit standard medium-base Edison sockets. MR lamps are commonly out there in vary of shade temperatures, from about 2700 Okay to 7000 Okay, to fulfill varied purposes. Retrofit lamps that generate mild by a distinct principle but uses the MR type-factor are available. For example, LED-primarily based MR16 lamps appear similar to halogen lamps and EcoLight can be utilized in most fixtures designed for MR lamps. The identical is true of MR11-suitable LED lamps. Fixtures designed for halogen MR16 or MR11 lamps that use electronic transformers may need to be retrofitted with LED-compatible transformers. There's a large number of designs, various significantly with regard to beam width, EcoLight mild color, effectivity and luminous power.